Ho nka lifoto ho bone tsoelo-pele e kholo ho theosa le lilemo, kalik'hamera tse feletseng tsa spectrume emelang e 'ngoe ea lintlafatso tse feto-fetohang. Likh'amera tsena li fana ka lits'ebetso tse ngata ho tloha ho ho nka lifoto tsa setso ho isa ho infrared, ultraviolet, le astrophotography, tse kopanyang ts'ebetso ea lik'hamera tse ngata hore e be e le 'ngoe. Sehloohong sena, re batlisisa hore na ke eng e etsang hore khamera e be le pono e feletseng, e hlahloba likarolo tsa eona tsa tekheniki, melemo le lisebelisoa, ha re ntse re shebile lik'hamera tse feletseng tse ngata, lik'hamera tsa China tse tletseng mahlaseli, baetsi ba lik'hamera tse nang le mahlaseli a mangata, le bafani ba lik'hamera tse feletseng.
1. Kenyelletso ea Lik'hamera tse Feletseng tsa Spectrum
● Tlhaloso le Kakaretso
Khamera e felletseng e khona ho nka khanya e pharalletseng ho feta lik'hamera tse tloaelehileng, ho kenyeletsoa lebone la ultraviolet (UV), lebone le bonahalang, le mabone a infrared (IR). Likh'amera tse tloaelehileng hangata li tla le filthara e thibelang ea IR e thibelang maikutlo a bona ho khanya e bonahalang, e netefatsang mebala e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho nka lifoto tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lik'hamera tse felletseng li na le phetoho moo filthara ena e nkeloang sebaka ke sefe e hlakileng, e lumellang kh'amera ho hapa khanya eohle ea motlakase.
● Melemo ea Bohlokoa le Lisebelisoa
Ho feto-fetoha ha lik'hamera tse felletseng ho fetolela melemo e mengata. Li fana ka kutlo e matlafalitsoeng maemong a tlase - a bobebe, ho bolelang hore nako e khuts'oane ea ho pepeseha, litlhophiso tse fokotsehileng tsa ISO, ka hona, litšoantšo tse bohale. Lik'hamera tsa spectrum tse felletseng ha li felle feela mofuteng o le mong oa ho nka lifoto; li ka fetoloa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e mengata ho kenyelletsa ho nka lifoto tsa lenyalo, lipatlisiso tsa forensic, lipatlisiso tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale, le tse ling ka ho fetola sefahla sa on-lens.
2. Kamoo Full Spectrum Cameras Work
● Liphetoho tsa kutlo
Bohareng ba khamera e felletseng ho na le sensor e fetotsoeng. Phetoho ea senotlolo e kenyelletsa ho tlosa filthara e thibelang ea IR e kahare ea kh'amera le ho e nkela sebaka ka sefe e hlakileng. Phetoho ena e lumella sensor ho bona le ho rekota leseli ho pholletsa le mefuta eohle ea li-spectral-UV, tse bonahalang, le IR. Phetoho ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fetola kh'amera e tloaelehileng hore e be setsi sa motlakase se felletseng.
● Karolo ea Lisefe: UV, IR, le Leseli le Bonahalang
Ha e se e fetotsoe, kh'amera e felletseng e its'etleha ho lifilthara tsa kantle ho fokotsa khanya e hapiloeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Bakeng sa ho nka lifoto tsa ultraviolet, li-filters tsa UV-pass li sebelisoa ho nka leseli la UV feela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-filters tsa infrared-pass li nka leseli la IR feela. Ho khutlela mokhoeng oa ho nka linepe o tloaelehileng, ho sebelisoa UV/IR hot-sefe ea seipone e sebelisoa ho thibela leseli la UV le IR, e lumellang khanya e bonahalang feela ho feta, ka tsela eo e khutlisetsa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea khamera.
3. Melemo Ho Feta Traditional Cameras
● Kutloisiso e Matlafalitsoeng ho Leseli
O mong oa melemo ea mantlha ea lik'hamera tse nang le mahlaseli a mangata ke matla a tsona a matla a ho utloisisa khanya. Kutloisiso ena e matlafalitsoeng e nolofalletsa ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng maemong a tlase - a bobebe, ho fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng ka nako e khuts'oane ea ho pepeseha le litlhophiso tse tlase tsa ISO. Sena se fetolela litšoantšo tse bohale tse nang le lerata le fokolang le lintlha tse ngata, ho etsa hore lik'hamera tse feletseng li be lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa baetsi ba lifoto ba sebetsanang le maemo a thata a khanya.
● Boleng bo Ntlafetseng ba Litšoantšo le Bobebe
Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho nka khanya e pharaletseng, lik'hamera tse tletseng mahlaseli hangata li hlahisa litšoantšo tse nang le bohale bo phahameng le bo hlakileng. Kutloelo-bohloko e eketsehileng ho leseli la IR, haholoholo, e lumella ho nka lintlha tse ntle le masela a ka 'nang a se ke a bonahala haholo litšoantšong tse tloaelehileng. Boleng bona bo etsa hore lik'hamera tse felletseng li tuma ka ho khetheha har'a baetsi ba litšoantšo tsa naha, litsebi tsa linaleli le litsebi tsa forensic.
4. Tšebeliso e sa tšoaneng ea lik'hamera tse feletseng tsa Spectrum
● Litšoantšo tse Infrared
Ho nka lifoto ka infrared ho hapa leseli la IR le bonahatsoang ke lintho, hangata tse sa bonahaleng ka mahlo. Mofuta ona oa ho nka lifoto o sebelisoa haholo molemong oa bonono, kaha o ka etsa litšoantšo tsa ethereal le tsa surreal. Hangata linepe tsa infrared li senola libopeho le lintlha tse ikhethang, li fana ka pono e ncha litabeng tse tloaelehileng.
● Litšoantšo tsa Ultraviolet
Ho nka lifoto tsa UV ha ho tloaelehe ho etsoa empa ho bohlokoa haholo mafapheng a ikhethileng joalo ka lipatlisiso tsa forensic le lipatlisiso tsa mahlale. Leseli la UV le ka senola lintlha tse patiloeng le matšoao a sa bonahaleng tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng a mabone. Ka mohlala, e ka sebelisoa ho fumana litokomane tsa maiketsetso, lisampole tsa baeloji, le lintho tsa khale tsa khale.
● Bolepi ba linaleli
● Bolepi ba linaleli
ho rua molemo haholo ho tsoa ho lik'hamera tse felletseng ka lebaka la kutlo ea tsona ea leseli le fokolang le tsoang linthong tsa leholimo. Bokhoni ba ho nka leseli la IR bo thusa ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tšitiso ea sepakapaka, ho hlahisa litšoantšo tse hlakileng le tse hlakileng haholoanyane tsa linaleli, lipolanete le liketsahalo tse ling tsa linaleli. Likh'amera tse felletseng li lumella litsebi tsa linaleli ho nka litšoantšo tsa bosiu tse hlasimollang ka ho fokotseha ha ho ts'oara ha linaleli le ho ba le bohale bo eketsehileng.5. Likhetho tsa Sefa bakeng sa lik'hamera tse feletseng tsa Spectrum
● On-Lisefe tsa Lense
Li-filters tsa On-lens li bohlokoa bakeng sa kh'amera e fapaneng e fapaneng. Lisefe tsena li khomaretsoe ka ho toba lenseng ea khamera, tse lumellang sets'oants'o ho laola hore na ho nkuoa karolo efe ea khanya ea khanya. Li-filters li teng bakeng sa UV, IR, le leseli le bonahalang, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho fetola pakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho nka lifoto.
● UV/IR Hot-Seipone sa Seipone
Bakeng sa baetsi ba lifoto ba batlang ho sebelisa lik'hamera tsa bona tse felletseng bakeng sa ho nka linepe tse tloaelehileng, UV / IR hot - lifilimi tsa seipone lia hlokahala. Li-filters tsena li thibela leseli la UV le IR, ho netefatsa hore khanya e bonahalang feela e fihla ho sensor ea khamera. Setupo sena se lumella kh'amera ho sebetsa joalo ka kh'amera e tloaelehileng, e nkang 'nete-ho-ea mebala ea bophelo ntle le tšitiso ea leseli la UV le IR.
● Li-Filters tse Khethehileng bakeng sa Lits'ebetso tse Khethehileng
Likh'amera tse felletseng li ka ntlafatsoa le ho feta ka li-filters tse ikhethileng tse etselitsoeng lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng. Ka mohlala, litsebi tsa linaleli li ka ’na tsa sebelisa li-filters tse nang le mesesane e nyenyane ho nka bolelele bo itseng ba maqhubu a khanya a hlahisoang ke lintho tsa leholimo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, baetsi ba lifoto tsa forensic ba ka sebelisa li-filters tse etselitsoeng ho totobatsa lintho tse itseng kapa lisebelisoa, ho thusa lipatlisisong tsa botlokotsebe.
6. Ho Khetha Khamera e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho Fetolela
● Mefuta e Ratoang ea Lik'hamera le Mehlala
Ha se lik'hamera tsohle tse loketseng ka ho lekana bakeng sa phetoho e felletseng ea spectrum. Mefuta e tsebahalang joalo ka Canon, Nikon, Sony, le Panasonic e fana ka mefuta e ratoang haholo bakeng sa phetoho. Mefuta ena e khethiloe bakeng sa boleng ba eona ba setšoantšo se phahameng, ts'ebetso e tšepahalang, le ho lumellana le mefuta e mengata ea li-filters tsa kantle.
● Lintlha Tseo U Lokelang ho li Nahana: Mofuta oa Sensor, Tšebelisano
Ha u khetha khamera bakeng sa phetoho e feletseng ea spectrum, lintlha tse 'maloa li tlameha ho nkoa. Mofuta oa sensor (CCD kapa CMOS), e tsamaellana le kh'amera le li-filters tse fapaneng, le ts'ebetso ea eona ka kakaretso maemong a tlase - khanya e bohlokoa. Ho phaella moo, lik'hamera tse nang le pono e phelang le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike li khothalletsoa hore li tsepamise maikutlo habonolo le ho li qapa, haholo-holo ha li sebelisa li-filters tse thibelang khanya e bonahalang.
7. Lintlha tsa Teknoloji le Setup
● Ho Seta Custom White Balance
Ho fumana litholoana tse ntle ka kh'amera e felletseng, ho bohlokoa ho beha tekano e tšoeu e tloaelehileng. Mohato ona o tiisa ho hlahisa mebala e nepahetseng ho latela maemo a mabone a khethehileng le li-filters tse sebelisoang. Ntle le ho leka-lekana ho nepahetseng ho tšoeu, linepe li ka bonts'a mebala eo ho leng thata ho e lokisa posong - ho sebetsa.
● Liveview le Electronic Viewfinders
Ho sebelisa kh'amera e felletseng e nang le pono e ts'oanang kapa sesebelisoa sa elektroniki ho ka nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea ho thunya haholo. Likarolo tsena li lumella baetsi ba lifoto ho bona esale pele litlamorao tsa li-filters tse fapaneng ka nako ea 'nete, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho qapa le ho tsepamisa linepe tsa bona ka nepo. Pono e phelang e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho nka lifoto tsa infrared le ultraviolet, moo leseli le bonahalang le lekanyelitsoeng.
8. Lik'hamera tse feletseng tsa Spectrum ho Photography ea Litsebi
● Melemo ho Ba nkang Lifoto tsa Lechato le Lifoto
Batsaya dinepe ba ba ditswerere, go akaretsa le ba ba itebagantseng le tsa manyalo le ditshwantsho, ba ka solegelwa molemo ke go fetofetoga ga dikhamera tse di nang le matshwao a mantsi. Bokhoni ba ho chencha lipakeng tsa ho nka lifoto tse tloaelehileng, tsa IR, le tsa UV ka kh'amera e le 'ngoe e ba lumella ho fana ka lithunya tse ikhethang le tse ikhethang tse hlahelletseng. Mohlala, ho ts'oara litšoantšo tsa ethereal IR kapa lintlha tsa UV ka meseho ea lenyalo ho ka ba thusa ka tsela e ikhethang.
● Likopo ho Patlisiso ea Forensic le Archaeological
Lik'hamera tse felletseng ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa haholo lipatlisisong tsa forensic le tsa thuto ea khale. Liphuputsong tsa forensic, ho nka lifoto tsa IR le UV ho ka senola lintlha tsa bohlokoa joalo ka matheba a mali, matetetso le bopaki bo bong bo ka 'nang ba se ke ba bonahala ka leseli le tloaelehileng. Ka ho tšoanang, baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba sebelisa lik’hamera tse felletseng ho hlahloba lintho tsa khale, li-petroglyphs le litemana tsa khale, ba sibolla likarolo tse patehileng le matšoao a fanang ka kutloisiso ea bohlokoa litabeng tsa histori.
9. Tlhokomelo le Tlhokomelo ea Lik'hamera tse Feletseng tsa Spectrum
● Tlhoekiso le Tšireletso ea Sensor
Lik'hamera tsa spectrum tse felletseng li hloka tlhokomelo ea kamehla ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng. Ho hloekisa li-sensor ho bohlokoa ka ho khetheha, kaha lerōle le litšila li ka ama boleng ba setšoantšo. Ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho hloekisa ho qoba ho senya sensor. Ho phaella moo, ho sireletsa khamera maemong a thata a tikoloho, a kang mocheso o feteletseng le mongobo, ho thusa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba eona.
● Tlhophiso ea Kamehla le Litlhahlobo
Ho khothaletsoa ho lekola le ho hlahlojoa nako le nako ke litsebi ho boloka ho nepahala le ts'ebetso ea lik'hamera tse felletseng. Ha nako e ntse e ea, li-sensor le li-filters li ka hloka liphetoho ho netefatsa liphetho tse tsitsitseng. Litšebeletso tsa kamehla li boetse li thusa ho tseba le ho rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a ka bang teng pele a fetoha mathata a maholo.
10. Lithuto tsa Case le Liphihlelo tsa Bareki
● Sebele-lefatše Mehlala ea Tšebeliso
Litsebi tse ngata ho pholletsa le mafapha a fapaneng li atlehile ho kopanya lik'hamera tse felletseng mosebetsing oa tsona. Mohlala, sets'oants'o sa lenyalo se ka sebelisa kh'amera e felletseng ho nka linepe tsa setso hammoho le lithunya tsa boqapi tsa infrared, ho fa bareki albamo e ikhethang le e sa lebaleheng. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, moepolli oa lintho tsa khale a ka sibolla lintlha tse patiloeng ka har'a mesaletsa ea khale a sebelisa lifoto tsa IR le UV, a ntlafatsa liphetho tsa bona tsa lipatlisiso.
● Bopaki bo tsoang ho Litsebi tsa Lifoto
Bafoto ba litsebi le bafuputsi ba lula ba totobatsa melemo ea ho sebelisa lik'hamera tse felletseng. Hangata bopaki bo totobatsa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, boleng bo ntlafalitsoeng ba setšoantšo, le bokhoni ba ho nka lintlha tse sa tsoeng ka lik'hamera tse tloaelehileng. Liphihlelo tsena tse ntle li totobatsa phello ea phetoho ea ho nka lifoto ka bongata libakeng tse fapaneng tsa litsebi.
Qetello
Lik'hamera tse felletseng li fetotse sebaka sa ho nka lifoto ka ho fana ka tebello e ke keng ea lekanngoa le ho feto-fetoha ha maemo. Ho tloha ho ts'oara libaka tse ntle tsa infrared ho isa ho ho senola bopaki bo patiloeng ba forensic, lik'hamera tsena li sebetsana le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. Ha lik'hamera tse felletseng li ntse li fumaneha haholoanyane, haholo-holo ho tsoa Chaena baetsi le barekisi ba lik'hamera tse felletseng, baetsi ba lifoto le bafuputsi lefatšeng ka bophara ba ka sebelisa bokhoni bo felletseng ba theknoloji ena.
● Mabapi leE ntle
Savgood ke mofani ea ka sehloohong oa litharollo tse ncha tsa ho nahana, tse sebetsanang le lik'hamera tse phahameng - tsa boleng bo holimo. Ka boitlamo ba ho etsa bokhabane le khotsofalo ea bareki, Savgood e fana ka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse etselitsoeng ho fihlela litlhoko tse fapaneng tsa baetsi ba lifoto, bafuputsi le litsebi. Tseba bokamoso ba ho nka linepe ka theknoloji ea Savgood e tsoetseng pele ea ho nka linepe.
